Cost Estimate and Accounting in ERP
The costing module is one of the important controlling modules which enables effective internal cost control and accounting. All functionalities regarding cost analysis and cost allocations are provided by this module. The cost accounting module is highly integrated with budget and general ledger modules as well as draws input and provides output to various logistics […]
How Sports Became Big Business and Its Implications for All Stakeholders
How Sports Became Big Business Nowadays, sports mean big bucks for all stakeholders. Whether they are sportspersons, corporates, advertisers, or the sports bodies tasked with administering the game, all of them stand to gain from the infusion of Million Dollar deals that have become the norm rather than the exception. Indeed, the move to make […]
The Global Economic Crisis: A Brief Introduction
In previous modules, we have alluded to the global economic crisis and the impact it had on the various sectors in the financial and manufacturing industries. This article introduces readers to the global economic crisis and subsequent articles deal with the various dimensions to the crisis and the causal factors that were responsible for the […]
HR and Quality Management in ERP System
Human Resource (HR): Though the pay rolls preparation through bespoke systems is one of the early adoptions of application software in many organizations, HR module was mostly left out by them, during their early phase of implementation of ERP system, apparently due to routine nature of HR functions, involving mostly some staffing activities. However, need […]
Disadvantages of the BPO Phenomenon
In previous articles, we looked at the humungous benefits that the BPO phenomenon brings to the economies of the host and the target nations. Mainly, we focused on how cost savings for the companies outsourcing their back office work and increased revenues for the companies doing the outsourced work have been actualized leading to a […]
Users interface directly impact usability of an ERP system. A properly designed user interface provides proper accessibility to the intended functions of the system and enables execution of transactions. Earlier users accessed the system with dumb terminals (ASCII) which had lot of usability deficiencies and this led to subsequent adoption of Graphical Users Interface (often with look and feel of MS Windows) during 1990s. With the advent of internet technology, user interface further evolved to enterprise portal, which provides easy access between internet client and application server.
Internet based User Interface: This is the most popular type of users interface at present due to convenience in accessing the ERP applications even from a remote location. Maintenance by system administrator is also easier, as they need not go to individual desktop or use any additional software distribution software, for the purpose of maintenance. The Internet server application is used as a gateway between the Internet client (IC) and the application server in order to expose the ERP functionality to the Internet domain.
The internet user interface architecture is depicted in the following diagram:
The HTTP-server security mechanisms are used to offer secure access to the HTML-page that contains the Java applet.
User Management: User management functionality is used to create user, provide user login and password and to give authorizations to the users. The user’s authorizations are dependent on their role in a company. To be able to work with ERP applications, users must have some sort of session authorization, database authorization, and library authorization. During installation of ERP, some default roles are automatically created. The default roles make sure that users can use the menu browser and its associated functions and commands.
Users Type: There are various types of users for an ERP package which can be broadly classified as under:
Role dependent users’ authorization: From a user point of view, a role represents a function in an organization. In ERP, a role represents a set of authorizations for a function in a company (database). User authorizations that are defined per role instead of per user significantly reduce the redundant data. The authorizations for normal users are therefore defined in roles to which they can be linked. The role concept provides a user-friendly method to quickly add new users or to update user authorizations.
Because an employee can have more than one function in a company, more than one role may be assigned to the user. A role can also contain more than one sub-role, which can also have sub-roles. All these roles and sub-roles form a role tree, which can be viewed with a role browser. The role browser shows the role tree in a graphical user interface.
Role-dependent authorizations can be defined at the following component levels in an ERP system:
The non-role-dependent authorizations: In addition to these role-dependent authorizations, some additional authorizations can be specified that are not defined by the employee’s role, for example, the development parameters, device preferences, and so on. These non-role-dependent authorizations are defined in templates to reduce redundant data, which then can be linked to the user profile.
These templates pertaining to non role dependent authorization can be divided into the following categories:
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