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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Model

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Human behavior is goal-directed. Motivation cause goal-directed behaviour. It is through motivation that needs can be handled and tackled purposely. This can be understood by understanding the hierarchy of needs by manager. The needs of individual serves as a driving force in human behaviour. Therefore, a manager must understand the “hierarchy of needs”. Maslow has proposed “The Need Hierarchy Model”.

        Self-actualization Needs
      Esteem Needs  
    Social Needs    
  Security Needs      
Physiological Needs        

FIGURE - Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Model


The needs have been classified into the following in order:

  1. Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of an individual which includes food, clothing, shelter, air, water, etc. These needs relate to the survival and maintenance of human life.

  2. Safety needs- These needs are also important for human beings. Everybody wants job security, protection against danger, safety of property, etc.

  3. Social needs- These needs emerge from society. Man is a social animal. These needs become important. For example- love, affection, belongingness, friendship, conversation, etc.

  4. Esteem needs- These needs relate to desire for self-respect, recognition and respect from others.

  5. Self-actualization needs- These are the needs of the highest order and these needs are found in those person whose previous four needs are satisfied. This will include need for social service, meditation.


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Motivation