Step 3B: Choosing the Correct Control Chart (Continuous Data)
Just like there are many types of discrete data charts available, there are also many types of continuous control charts available. The Six Sigma process methodology prescribes which chart must be used when. The prescription in the case of continuous data points is largely based on sample size. Below is the list of the different […]
International Trade Terms – INCOTERMS
Globalization has given impetus of international trade which is increasing by the day. International trade involves multiple agencies, transportation agents, carriers as well as Customs and Banks etc of the two countries involved in trade. Any Export or Import transaction involves transportation of goods predominantly via sea or air and in some cases over the […]
Managing Technology in Operations Management
Introduction In last decade or so technology has changed the way organization conduct their business. Advent of technology in operation management has increased productivity of the organization. Technology and Operations Management The scope of Technology and operation management has evolved over a period of time and has moved from development of products into design, management […]
Global Economy – Meaning and its Salient Aspects
The other modules discuss the phenomenon of globalization and the ongoing global economic crisis among other topics. This module is intended to discuss the salient aspects of the global economy including the structural features and the way in which several competing trends and factors influence the workings of the global economy. For instance, the global […]
Facility Layout – Objectives, Design and Factors Affecting the Layout
Introduction For an organization to have an effective and efficient manufacturing unit, it is important that special attention is given to facility layout. Facility layout is an arrangement of different aspects of manufacturing in an appropriate manner as to achieve desired production results. Facility layout considers available space, final product, safety of users and facility […]
Every business organization that is engaged in manufacturing, trading or dealing with salable products holds inventories in one form another.
Inventory is held in the form of raw materials or in the form of salable goods.
Since every unit of inventoried item has an economic value and is itemized in the books of account of the company, inventory can be considered to be an asset of the company.
Inventory Management is a critical function performed by planners to balance the inventory holding so as to ensure that optimum inventory levels are maintained. Any excess inventory will result in incremental costs of maintaining inventory and affects the financials of the company as it blocks working capital.
Under inventory on the other hand can seriously hamper the market share. Any customer order that is not fulfilled due to a stock out is not at all a good sign. Therefore the responsibility of striking a fine balance in holding lean inventory calls for smart planning and continuous monitoring of the inventory levels coupled with quick decision-making.
Due to the above factors all organizations generally tend to avoid holding inventories except at certain times.
It has been noticed that inventory build up in process and manufacturing industries is often a sign of hidden problems, which lie underneath and are not visible at the surface level. In other words one can say that to cover up inefficiencies in the internal systems, people build up inventories as safety stocks.
Stock build up can occur as a solution to cover up supplier inefficiencies. If the vendors are not reliable and the flow of raw materials cannot be ensured, there results a trend to hold buffer inventories in the form of raw materials or semi manufactured Work in Process inventories.
In other cases inventory build up can happen due to bad quality. The inventory cost increase and resultant inventory storage cost can be attributed to cost of quality.
If the production is not consistent with quality, the goods produced will get rejected leading to an increase in rejected inventory.
Secondly, to make up for the loss due to quality rejection, one would have to increase production and hold finished goods inventory.
In other cases production delays can lead to build up of inventories too. Production delays can be attributed to varied reasons such as bad design of the product, production layout inefficiencies, production stoppage due to breakdowns, Lengthy process times etc. Besides these causes, there could be many other problems related to people and management resulting in slackness on the shop floor, which can add to inventory holding at various stages.
Such inventory build-ups not only block the working capital and increase un necessary cost of maintaining and storing the inventories, but also hide the problems which can cause serious threat to the business. Management should be watchful to identify any such inventory buildups and investigate into the root cause and solve such problems.
An inventory build up at the raw material side as well as the finished goods side gives cause for worry to the finance controllers. Any non moving inventory is a cause for concern because it not only blocks up the funds of the organization but the incremental cost of holding the inventory keeps increasing over a period of time and effect the bottom line figures.
More importantly inventory over a period of time is susceptible to loss, theft, pilferage and shrinkage. It can also become obsolete and deteriorate over a period of time if not used within the shelf life.
Hence inventory levels are always on the radar of not only finance controllers, but of the top management as well.
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Types of Inventories – Independent and Dependant Demand Inventories
February 12, 2025
