Exorbitant Privilege: US Dollar
The financial community of the world is at a consensus that the current economic system provides the United States government with exorbitant privileges. This means that the system does not treat all countries equally. Rather it provides an unfair advantage to the United States because the dollar is the reserve currency of the world. The […]
Proprietary Ratio – Meaning, Assumptions and its Interpretation
The proprietary ratio is not amongst the commonly used ratios. Very few analysts prescribe its usage. This is because in reality it is the inverse of debt ratio. A higher debt ratio would imply a lower proprietary ratio and vice versa. Hence this ratio does not reveal any new information. Formula Proprietary Ratio = Total […]
Investment Banks and Underwriting
The primary function of investment banks is to help their clients raise equity capital. This is often done by initial public offerings. This is where investment banks provide their biggest service i.e., underwriting. Most people have a basic understanding of underwriting. They know that when an investment bank underwrites a share issue, they guarantee to […]
Inverted Yield Curve
Most investors across the world are aware of the fact that yield curves are generally upward sloping. This is because, under normal circumstances, yields for bonds with longer maturities tend to be higher. However, it is possible for the opposite scenario to play out. This means that it is possible for bonds with lower maturities […]
Straight Through Processing in Commercial Lending
Commercial banks all over the world have been forced to adapt to increasing changes in technology. This is because technological changes are shaking the very foundation of the commercial banking industry. However, since commercial banks have been reactive i.e. they have been responding to changes in the environment instead of proactively accepting them, a lot […]
Assets with some financial value are called securities.
The analysis of various tradable financial instruments is called security analysis. Security analysis helps a financial expert or a security analyst to determine the value of assets in a portfolio.
Security analysis is a method which helps to calculate the value of various assets and also find out the effect of various market fluctuations on the value of tradable financial instruments (also called securities).
Security Analysis is broadly classified into three categories:
Fundamental Analysis refers to the evaluation of securities with the help of certain fundamental business factors such as financial statements, current interest rates as well as competitor’s products and financial market.
Financial statements are nothing but proofs or written records of various financial transactions of an investor or company.
Financial statements are used by financial experts to study and analyze the profits, liabilities, assets of an organization or an individual.
Technical analysis refers to the analysis of securities and helps the finance professionals to forecast the price trends through past price trends and market data.
Quantitative analysis refers to the analysis of securities using quantitative data.
Fundamental analysis is done with the help of financial statements, competitor’s market, market data and other relevant facts and figures whereas technical analysis is more to do with the price trends of securities.
The stream which deals with managing various securities and creating an investment objective for individuals is called portfolio management. Portfoilo management refers to the art of selecting the best investment plans for an individual concerned which guarantees maximum returns with minimum risks involved.
Portfolio management is generally done with the help of portfolio managers who after understanding the client’s requirements and his ability to undertake risks design a portfolio with a mix of financial instruments with maximum returns for a secure future.
Portfolio theory was proposed by Harry M. Markowitz of University of Chicago. According to Markowitz’s portfolio theory, portfolio managers should carefully select and combine financial products on behalf of their clients for guaranteed maximum returns with minimum risks.
Portfolio theory helps portfolio managers to calculate the amount of return as well as risk for any investment portfolio.
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