The COSO Framework for Internal Control
February 12, 2025
Introduction It is said that humans are social beings and hence, have an innate need to communicate, relate, and exchange information with others. We are all aware of how we form networks of familial relatives, peers, friends, and in this age of social media, virtual contacts. Therefore, being social and engaging with others comes naturally […]
Written communication has great significance in today’s business world. It is an innovative activity of the mind. Effective written communication is essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Speech came before writing. But writing is more unique and formal than speech. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order […]
Definition and Purpose of Bureaucracy What comes to your mind when you encounter the term bureaucracy? More often than not, you would think of slow moving, obstacle filled, and tedious processes that do not get your job done but instead, make you run around from pillar to pillar for your work. Though most of us […]
To bring Maslow’s need hierarchy theory of motivation in synchronization with empirical research, Clayton Alderfer redefined it in his own terms. His rework is called as ERG theory of motivation. He recategorized Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into three simpler and broader classes of needs: Existence needs- These include need for basic material necessities. In short, […]
One of the thorny issues facing senior management in many organizations is the debate over grooming leaders from within and then appointing them to the top posts versus brining in leaders from outside and then making them the CEO. The debate is not confined to a particular country and occupies the energies of corporate leaders […]
In stock market there is strong relationship between risk and return. Greater the risk, greater the return generally! In financial terminology risk management is the process of identifying and assessing the risk and then developing strategies to manage and minimize the same while maximizing the returns.
Every investment demands a certain amount of risk and for an investor to assume this risk he has to be compensated duly. This compensation is in the form of something called as the risk premium or simply the premium. Risk is therefore central to stock markets or investing because without risk there can be no gains. Successful investors use stock market risk management strategies to minimize the risk and maximize the gain.
In financial markets there are generally two types of risk; first the Market Risk and second the Inflation Risk.
The inflation risk is an important consideration in long term investments where as the market risk is more relevant in the short term. It is the market risk that can be managed and controlled to a certain extent, inflation risk cannot be controlled.
There are certain strategies that can be employed to mitigate the risk in a stock market. The strategies are as follows:
Ask Warren Buffet, the greatest investor of all time, what is your advice to investors and he says ‘don’t lose money!’ But stock market connotes risk and fortunately there are enough strategies for a wise investor to safeguard his money and ensure gain. A careful and timely exercise of these options helps you see of the risk involved.
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