Fixed assets i.e. property, plant and equipment represent the single largest investment any company makes in its operations. It is therefore important that a company keeps a close eye on whether these investments are performing well and generating adequate revenue and profit to justify the expenditure. While it is impossible to come up with a single number that explains the efficiency of the company in utilizing its fixed assets, the fixed asset turnover ratio comes close. Here are the details of this ratio.
The Formula
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales Revenue / Total Fixed Assets (Average of the two balance sheets)
How to Apply It?
The fixed asset turnover ratio is best applied when there is adequate context. Dividing the two numbers and getting a third number makes little sense unless you can compare it with something.
The best comparison in with the company’s past records itself. If the company has made a new addition to the fixed assets, one can find out the new fixed asset turnover ratio and compare it with the old fixed asset turnover ratio and see if there have been any substantial improvements as a result of the addition. Efforts must be made to ensure that extraneous variables like general condition of the economy et al are nullified to get a true picture of the state of affairs.
Another popular comparison is to benchmark the fixed asset turnover ratio of a company with those of other companies in the same industry. Same industry is important because different industries have different fixed capital requirements.
Service oriented companies usually have less fixed capital requirement as compared to heavy manufacturing. Some companies use an average of the other companies in the industry to benchmark their performance against whereas others look at the best in the field and try to compete with them.
Interpretation
The fixed asset turnover ratio provides the best estimate of the operating leverage of the firm. If increases in fixed assets lead to disproportionate increases in sales, then the firm has a high operating leverage. In some ways therefore, a wildly fluctuating fixed asset turnover ratio is a measure of high risk that a company is facing.
Also investors should be wary of changes in the revenue policy. Changes in the revenue policy can affect sales which can make this ratio artificially higher or lower thereby distorting the investors perception of the efficiency of the company.
