Embedded Options in Fixed income Securities
Options and derivatives are generally associated with equity securities. It is for this reason that most investors are not aware that they can also buy bonds with embedded options from the market. Options significantly change the risk profile of the bonds being issued. It is for this reason that bonds that have embedded options need […]
How Salary Caps Work in Sports Leagues?
It is common knowledge that sports leagues all over the world rake in billions of dollars when it comes to annual revenue. It is also known that all these leagues have a well-developed fan base. Famous leagues such as the English Premier League, the NBA, etc have various sports franchises which are very competitive. They […]
What is a Start-up Accelerator?
The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of start-ups. There are more companies which start up every year now as compared to a decade earlier! As a result, there are numerous new kinds of players which have come into existence in the start-up universe. One such type of company is called […]
Types of Products in Commercial Banking
Commercial banking has traditionally been the backbone of banking. Banking was created to funnel idle resources in households to productive purposes in business. Over the long period of time that banking has been in existence, the nature of products provided to commercial customers has undergone a huge change. Several new types of products have been […]
Dealing With Special Claims during Bankruptcy
The bankruptcy process takes a long period of time to resolve. During this time frame, the company takes the protection of the legal system. The legal system makes provisions for discharging the previous claims on the assets of the company in a fair and equitable manner. However, the bankruptcy process is quite complex. It has […]
A high debt equity ratio makes the company financed by debt more than by equity. Therefore there are fixed interest payments involved. Hence when the going is good, the company makes a handsome return as a small percentage of change in EBIT creates a large percentage change in earnings per share. However the inverse of this is also true. Just like financial leverage helps to magnify profits, it also magnifies losses when EBIT fall down. Analysts want to quantify exactly how much variability does debt funding create in the operations of a particular company and have created a measure called “Degree of Financial Leverage” which we will study in detail.
Degree of Financial Leverage = % Change in EPS / % Change in EPS
There is a reasonable assumption about the absence of any changes in accounting policy which would make the EPS and EBIT figures incomparable from the previous years.
Thus, you are obligated to pay Rs 7 interest each year, regardless of what happens. Lets say that the price of the house went up by 20% to 120. In this case you will pay back the creditors Rs 77 (principal + interest) and be left with Rs 43. Since your original investment was Rs 30, you have gained Rs 13.
A price increase of 20% has led to an increase in the shareholders return by approximately 43%!
Thus, you are obligated to pay Rs 7 interest each year, regardless of what happens. Lets say that the price of the house went down by 20% to Rs 80. In this case you will pay back the creditors Rs 77 (principal + interest) and be left with Rs 3. Since your original investment was Rs 30, you have lost Rs 27.
A price decrease of 20% has led to a decrease in the shareholders return by approximately 90%
Leverage is very dangerous unless the company is reasonably certain of its earnings. Investors view the leverage ratio with great detail. This is because it enables a small change in the EBIT to completely wipe out the company’s capital and make it insolvent almost overnight.
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
